Zinc oxide decorated plantain peel activated carbon for adsorption of cationic malachite green dye: mechanistic, kinetics and thermodynamics modeling

Dada, Adewumi Oluwasogo and Inyinbor, Abosede Adejumoke and Tokula, Blessing Enyojo and Bayode, Abiodun Ajibola and Obayomi, Kehinde Shola and Ajanaku, Christiana Oluwatoyin and Adekola, Folahan Amoo and Ajanaku, Kolawole Oluseyi and Pal, Ujjwal (2024) Zinc oxide decorated plantain peel activated carbon for adsorption of cationic malachite green dye: mechanistic, kinetics and thermodynamics modeling. Environmental Research, 252. p. 119046.

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Abstract

Reports have shown that malachite green (MG) dye causes various hormonal disruptions and health hazards, hence, its removal from water has become a top priority. In this work, zinc oxide decorated plantain peels activated carbon (ZnO@PPAC) was developed via a hydrothermal approach. Physicochemical characterization of the ZnO@PPAC nanocomposite with a 205.2 m2/g surface area, porosity of 614.68 and dominance of acidic sites from Boehm study established the potency of ZnO@PPAC. Spectroscopic characterization of ZnO@PPAC vis-a- viz thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Powdered X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy and High Resolution – Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) depict the thermal stability via phase transition, functional group, crystallinity with interspatial spacing, morphology and spherical and nano-rod-like shape of the ZnO@PPAC heterostructure with electron mapping respectively. Adsorption of malachite green dye onto ZnO@PPAC nanocomposite was influenced by different operational parameters. Equilibrium data across the three temperatures (303, 313, and 323 K) were most favorably described by Freundlich indicating the ZnO@PPAC heterogeneous nature. 77.517 mg/g mono layer capacity of ZnO@PPAC was superior to other adsorbents compared. Pore-diffusion predominated in the mechanism and kinetic data best fit the pseudo-second-order. Thermodynamics studies showed the feasible, endothermic, and spontaneous nature of the sequestration. The ZnO@PPAC was therefore shown to be a sus tainable and efficient material for MG dye uptake and hereby endorsed for the treatment of industrial effluent.

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