The modes of action of biopesticidal compounds in insect control

Nwonuma, charles O The modes of action of biopesticidal compounds in insect control. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science.

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Abstract

Botanical or plant-derived insecticides are compounds of plant origin with insecticidal properties. Several insecticidal compounds from plants, such as pyrethrins, nicotine, azadirachtin, rotenone, and many others, have been found in different species of plants. Each of the compounds has specifc physiological targets, mechanisms of action, and efcacy. The rise in demand for plant-derived insecticidal compounds is due to their non-toxic activity on non-target organisms. Some of the plant-derived insecticides used in commercially produced insecticides are azadirachtin present in neem tree Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) and pyrethrins present in Chrysanthemum tanacetum cinerariifolium (Asteraceae). Limonene, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, spinosads, and rotenone which are plant sources have also been used for insecticidal purposes. Most of these insecticidal compounds have been reported to mediate neurotoxic effects by acting on ion channels, receptors, or enzymes found in the insect nervous system. Pyrethroids act on voltage-gated sodium channels. This study reviewed the insecticidal effects of some plant-derived insecticides and their mechanisms of action.

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