Effect of preservation techniques on the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and glucose adsorption capacity of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Oladeji, Oluwole Solomon and Said, Farhan Mohd and Daud, Nur Fathin Shamirah and Hosnee, Siti Aisyah Nabila Mohd and Maspan, Natrah Atiqah and Zakuan, Nur Syafiqah and Zin, Noor Hasniza Md and Zakil, Fathie Ahmad (2025) Effect of preservation techniques on the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and glucose adsorption capacity of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). South African Journal of Botany, 184. pp. 838-848.

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Abstract

The growing demand for foods with enhanced shelf life and nutritional value has driven the rapid expansion of processed food products, often outpacing natural alternatives. This study explores the effects of oven-drying, salt-drying, and freeze-drying on Pleurotus ostreatus (Oyster mushrooms) cultivated on oil palm frond substrates. Key parameters analysed include moisture content (MC) and protein content (PC), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity, glucose adsorption capacity (GAC), and elemental composition. CHNS analysis confirmed the presence of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulphur in all substrates, while MC varied slightly (82�88.54 %) with substrate composition. Protein analysis revealed that freeze-dried samples had the highest PC, while SDS-PAGE profiling showed protein bands (35�75 kDa) in all samples except salttreated ones, which were denatured. Over 60 days, oven-dried substrates maintained relatively high PC (»4�5 mg/ml), whereas freeze-dried samples exhibited a significant decline. Salt-treated and oven-dried samples extracted with phosphate buffer consistently showed low PC. GAC increased with molar concentration, with oven-dried samples exhibiting the highest efficiency. Regarding antioxidant properties, salttreated samples demonstrated increased free-radical scavenging activity after storage, while oven-dried and freeze-dried samples showed a decline. TPC decreased over time in all treatments, but oven-dried samples gradually increased, particularly in substrate III (87.5 %). These findings suggest that preservation methods effectively extend shelf life while maintaining bioactive compounds that may influence glucose absorption and the potential anti-diabetic properties of P. ostreatus. Further research should explore sensory attributes, toxicological safety, and in vivo molecular mechanisms

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