EFFECTS OF ONION (Allium cepa) AND CHLORAMPHENICOL ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, HISTOPATHOLOGY AND SURVIVAL OF CATFISH Clarias gariepinus (burchell, 1822) SUB-ADULT INFECTED WITH Pseudomonas aeruginosa

AMREVUAWHO, MO and AKINYEMI, AA and OYEWUSI, AJ and BANKOLE, OM and EZERI, GNO (2016) EFFECTS OF ONION (Allium cepa) AND CHLORAMPHENICOL ON HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, HISTOPATHOLOGY AND SURVIVAL OF CATFISH Clarias gariepinus (burchell, 1822) SUB-ADULT INFECTED WITH Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Vom Journal of Veterinary Science, 11. pp. 1-12.

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Abstract

The study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial characteristics, immunostimulant ability and survival of P. aeruginosa infected Clarias gariepinus sub-adult exposed to chloramphenicol and Allium cepa (onion). Ninety Clarias gariepinus sub-adult fishes were used for the study. They were divided into three groups of thirty fishes each. The antibacterial efficacy of chloramphenicol and onion extract was screened against type culture of P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 at 100%, 75% and 50% concentration using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using determined. P. aeruginosa infected fish were exposed to chloramphenicol and onion in vivo in prolonged bath treatment twice daily for 7 days. A total of six (6) experimental fish from the treatments were tested for their cellular immune response to P. aeruginosa and to the different treatment. Histological changes were evaluated before, after challenge and after treatment. Percentage survival was calculated by recording number of mortality. There was no significant (p> 0.05) difference in their susceptibility to the test bacteria. However, MIC for chloramphenicol and onion were greater than 50mg/ml and MBC of 50mg/ml was only obtained for onion. Haematological values of infected fish revealed significant (p<0.05) decrease in Parked cell volume (PCV-22.33±0.3%), haemoglobin (Hb-6.97±0.2g/dl), red blood cell (RBC- 1.27±0.1x106/mm3), lymphocyte (52.33±0.9%), and significant (p<0.05) increase in white blood cell (WBC, 17.13±0.5 x103/mm3), neutrophil (47.33±1.2%) than that of control fish with PCV (34.67±5.2%), HB (9.77±0.2 g/dl), RBC (2.23±0.3 x106/mm3), lymphocyte (69.00±2.3%) and WBC (10.80±0.3 x103/mm3), neutrophil (30.33±2.9%) but no significant (p>0.05) changes were observed in all blood parameters among infected fish treated with chloramphenicol and A. cepa. Photomicrograph of damaged organs (gills, liver, and stomach) showed moderate regeneration of organs exposed to chlorampenicol and onion. Percentage survival was high in infected and treated experimental fish. Antibacterial potentials of onion can therefore be exploited as alternative in combating infections of P. aeruginosa in fish.

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